ICN: "A Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nurse is a registered nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision-making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice, the characteristics of which are shaped by the context and/or country in which s/he is credentialed to practice." Link side 6 Glossary terms
"Nurse Practitioners" Scope note: Registered nurses who by advanced training and clinical experience in a branch of nursing have acquired expert knowledge in the special branch of practice. The advanced training may be obtained through a master's degree or certification program. Consider also specific types of nurse practitioners.
Underemner:
Acute Care Nurse Practitioners
Adult Nurse Practitioners
Emergency Nurse Practitioners
Family Nurse Practitioners
Gerontologic Nurse Practitioners
OB-GYN Nurse Practitioners
Pediatric Nurse Practitioners
Neonatal Nurse Practitioners
Advanced Nursing Practice Use: Advanced Practice Registered Nursing
Scope note: Various types of professional roles in which registered nurses earn Master's or doctoral degrees and acquire clinical competencies and decision-making skills for expanded practice.
Advanced Practice Nurse Use: Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
Scope note: Nurses who fulfill roles beyond those that require basic educational preparation and practice at an advanced level. These include nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists, and clinical nurse specialists. The scope of practice can include physical assessment, health promotion, prevention of disease, and nursing and medical management of disease. They are usually prepared with a master's' degree or doctorate in nursing and may be in independent practice or employed by a physician, HMO or hospital.
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Lopatina, E., Donald, F., DiCenso, A., Martin-Misener, R., Kilpatrick, K., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Carter, N., Reid, K. & Marshall, D. A. (2017). Economic evaluation of nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist roles: A methodological review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 72, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.012
Zhang, Y. (2024). What is nursing in advanced nursing practice? Applying theories and models to advanced nursing practice—A discursive review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(12), 4842-4855. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16228
Grant, J., Lines, L., Darbyshire, P. & Parry, Y. (2017). How do nurse practitioners work in primary health care settings? A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 75, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.06.011
Savard, I., Jabbour, M., Tchouaket, E., Gauthier, N. & Kilpatrick, K. (2024). Evaluating the influence of primary healthcare nurse practitioners' interventions in home care on hospitalizations and emergency department transfers. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 30(3), 440-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13960
Barnett, M., Balkissoon, C. & Sandhu, J. (2022). The level of quality care nurse practitioners provide compared with their physician colleagues in the primary care setting: A systematic review. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 34(3), 457-464. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000660
Deschodt, M., Heeren, P., Cerulus, M., Duerinckx, N., Pape, E., van Achterberg, T., Vanclooster, A., Dauvrin, M., Detollenaere, J., Van den Heede, K. & Dobbels, F. (2024). The effect of consultations performed by specialised nurses or advanced nurse practitioners on patient and organisational outcomes in patients with complex health conditions: An umbrella review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 158, Artikkel 104840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104840
Fajarini, M., Setiawan, A., Sung, C. M., Chen, R., Liu, D., Lee, C. K., Niu, S. F. & Chou, K. R. (2025). Effects of advanced practice nurses on health-care costs, quality of care, and patient well-being: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 162, Artikkel 104953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104953
Horton, M., Dixon, J., Turi, E., Balusu, C., Paikoff, R., Maier, C. B. & Poghosyan, L. (2024). Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care and Their Impact on Health Service Utilisation, Costs and Access Globally: A Scoping Review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.17614
Kilpatrick, K., Savard, I., Audet, L. A., Costanzo, G., Khan, M., Atallah, R., Jabbour, M., Zhou, W., Wheeler, K., Ladd, E., Gray, D. C., Henderson, C., Spies, L. A., McGrath, H. & Rogers, M. (2024). A global perspective of advanced practice nursing research: A review of systematic reviews. PloS One, 19(7 July), Artikkel e0305008. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305008
Kilpatrick, K., Tchouaket, E., Savard, I., Chouinard, M. C., Bouabdillah, N., Provost-Bazinet, B., Costanzo, G., Houle, J., St-Louis, G., Jabbour, M. & Atallah, R. (2023). Identifying indicators sensitive to primary healthcare nurse practitioner practice: A review of systematic reviews. PloS One, 18(9 September), Artikkel e0290977. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290977
Newhouse, R. P., Stanik-Hutt, J., White, K. M., Johantgen, M., Bass, E. B., Zangaro, G., Wilson, R. F., Fountain, L., Steinwachs, D. M., Heindel, L. & Weiner, J. P. (2011). Advanced practice nurse outcomes 1990=2008: A systematic review. Nursing Economics, 29(5), 230-250.
Paier-Abuzahra, M., Posch, N., Jeitler, K., Semlitsch, T., Radl-Karimi, C., Spary-Kainz, U., Horvath, K. & Siebenhofer, A. (2024). Effects of task-shifting from primary care physicians to nurses: an overview of systematic reviews. Human resources for health, 22(1), Artikkel 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-024-00956-3
Woo, B. F. Y., Ng, W. M., Tan, I. F. & Zhou, W. (2024). Practice patterns, role and impact of advanced practice nurses in stroke care: A mixed-methods systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 33(4), 1306-1319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16970
CINAHL subject headings, scope notes:
"Advanced Practice Registered Nurses": Nurses who fulfill roles beyond those that require basic educational preparation and practice at an advanced level. These include nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists, and clinical nurse specialists. The scope of practice can include physical assessment, health promotion, prevention of disease, and nursing and medical management of disease. They are usually prepared with a master's' degree or doctorate in nursing and may be in independent practice or employed by a physician, HMO or hospital."Nurse Practitioner" Registered nurses who by advanced training and clinical experience in a branch of nursing have acquired expert knowledge in the special branch of practice. The advanced training may be obtained through a master's degree or certification program. Consider also specific types of nurse practitioners.
"Nurse Practitioners" ; "Advanced Practice Registered Nurses" ; "advanced nursing practice"
"Professional Autonomy" ; "Job Characteristics"; "Clinical Nurse Specialists"; "Scope of Nursing Practice";
"Professional Development"; "nursing role"; role*; practice*; implement*; task; tasks; performance; educat*; competenc*; knowledge*; function*; capabil*; Comparing; compare;
"work activities"; "Task Performance and Analysis"
rolle, praksis, kompetanse, funsjon, implentering av rollen...
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Zhang, Y. (2024). What is nursing in advanced nursing practice? Applying theories and models to advanced nursing practice—A discursive review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(12), 4842-4855. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16228
Unsworth, J., Greene, K., Ali, P., Lillebø, G. & Mazilu, D. C. (2024). Advanced practice nurse roles in Europe: Implementation challenges, progress and lessons learnt. International Nursing Review, 71(2), 299-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12800
Mackavey, C., Henderson, C., van Leeuwen, E. d. Z., Maas, L. & Ladd, A. (2024). The advanced practice nurse role's development and identity: an international review. International Journal for Advancing Practice, 2(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijap.2024.2.1.36
Chan, T. E., Lockhart, J. S., Schreiber, J. B. & Kronk, R. (2020). Determining nurse practitioner core competencies using a Delphi approach. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 32(3), 200-217. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000384
Whitfield, M. M., Bleah, P., Concepcion Bachynski, J., Macdonald, D., Klein, T., Ross-White, A., Mimirinis, M. & Wilson, R. (2024). Capability as a concept in advanced practice nursing and education: A scoping review. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 22(9), 1789-1849. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-23-00201
Jokiniemi, K., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Roussel, J., Kilpatrick, K., Martin-Misener, R., Tranmer, J., Rietkoetter, S., Carr, M., & Pond, G. R. (2023). Differentiating Specialized and Advanced Nursing Roles: The Pathway to Role Optimization. Nursing Leadership (1910-622X), 36(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.12927/cjnl.2023.27123
Gardner, G., Carryer, J., Gardner, A. & Dunn, S. (2006). Nurse Practitioner competency standards: Findings from collaborative Australian and New Zealand research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(5), 601-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.09.002
Begley, C., Elliott, N., Lalor, J., Coyne, I., Higgins, A., & Comiskey, C. M. (2013). Differences between clinical specialist and advanced practitioner clinical practice, leadership, and research roles, responsibilities, and perceived outcomes (the SCAPE study). Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(6), 1323–1337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06124.x
Cooper, M. A., McDowell, J. & Raeside, L. (2019). The similarities and differences between advanced nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists. British Journal of Nursing, 28(20), 1308-1314. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.20.1308
Hande, K., & Jackson, H. (2024). Navigating the pathway to advanced practice: A grounded theory of nurse practitioner role transition in a fellowship. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 36(4), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000001000
Zakary, A. K., Zakari, R. K., Modawi, A. M., Alnajei, S. A., Ghazwani, K. A., Garadi, J. A. Y., Hmlan, E. A., Najmi, H. M., Masrahi, E. A. & Otaif, H. A. (2024). The Role of Nurse Practitioners in Primary Care Settings: A Comprehensive Review. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 67(13), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2024.312993.10211
Offredy, M. (2000). Advanced nursing practice: the case of nurse practitioners in three Australian states. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(2), 274-281. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01300.x
Peacock, M. & Hernandez, S. (2020). A concept analysis of nurse practitioner autonomy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 32(2), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000374
Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Browne, G. & Pinelli, J. (2004). Advanced practice nursing roles: Development, implementation and evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(5), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03234.x
Carter, M. A. & Jones, M. (2017). Nationwide doctor of nursing practice/Advanced practice registered nurse survey on roles, functions, and competencies. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice, 10(2), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1891/2380-9418.10.2.108
Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Browne, G. & Pinelli, J. (2004). Advanced practice nursing roles: Development, implementation and evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(5), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03234.x
Wright, M. M. M., Kvist, T. A., Imeläinen, S. M., & Jokiniemi, K. S. (2024). Continuing education for advanced practice nurses: A scoping review. Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 80(8), 3037–3058. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15911
Daly, W. M. & Carnwell, R. (2003). Nursing roles and levels of practice: A framework for differentiating between elementary, specialist and advancing nursing practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12(2), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00690.x
Gardner, G., Chang, A. & Duffield, C. (2007). Making nursing work: Breaking through the role confusion of advanced practice nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(4), 382-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04114.x
Thompson, S., Moorley, C. & Barratt, J. (2017). A comparative study on the clinical decision-making processes of nurse practitioners vs. medical doctors using scenarios in a secondary care environment. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(5), 1097-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13206
Thompson, W., & McNamara, M. (2022). Constructing the advanced nurse practitioner identity in the healthcare system: A discourse analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 78(3), 834–846. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15068
Unsworth, J., Greene, K., Ali, P., Lillebø, G., & Mazilu, D. C. (2024). Advanced practice nurse roles in Europe: Implementation challenges, progress and lessons learnt. International Nursing Review, 71(2), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12800
Urquhart, G., Roschkov, S., Rebeyka, D., & Scherr, K. (2004). Clinical nurse specialist or nurse practitioner? advanced nursing continues to be misunderstood by many front-line workers, with confusion about such roles as clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner. A canadian model being used in edmonton demystifies the concept. The Canadian Nurse, 100(5), 19-22. UiA fulltex via Proquest: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/clinical-nurse-specialist-practitioner-advanced/docview/232089283/se-2
Patel, E., Burris, A., Munn, L. T., & Broyhill, B. (2023). An evaluation of nurse practitioner and physician assistant hiring patterns after implementation of the advanced practice registered nurse consensus model. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 35(12), 770–775. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000896
Sastre-Fullana, P., Gray, D. C., Cashin, A., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Schumann, L., Geese, F., Rae, B., Duff, E., & Bird, B. (2021). Visual analysis of global comparative mapping of the practice domains of the nurse practitioner/advanced practice nursing role in respondent countries. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 33(7), 496–505. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000458
Wilbeck, J., Schumann, L., Comer, A., & Davis, W. (2022). Consideration of the emergency nurse practitioner as a population within the APRN Consensus Model: A SWOT analysis. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 34(10), 1126–1132. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000781
Thompson, W. & McNamara, M. (2022). Constructing the advanced nurse practitioner identity in the healthcare system: A discourse analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(3), 834-846. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15068
Patel, E., Burris, A., Munn, L. T., & Broyhill, B. (2023). An evaluation of nurse practitioner and physician assistant hiring patterns after implementation of the advanced practice registered nurse consensus model. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 35(12), 770–775. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000896
Moore, J., Chan, T., Doucette, J., Lipps, T., & Slager, D. (2024). Defining Nurse Practitioner Core Entrustable Professional Activities: Essential Step Toward Competency-Based Education. Nurse Educator, 49(5), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001673
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Elliott, N., Daly, L., Bryant-Lukosius, D., Fleming, S., Varley, J., Cotter, P., Lehane, E., Rogerson, S., O’Reilly, D., Drennan, J., & Brady, A.-M. (2024). Exploring Factors Affecting the Rollout of a Policy on Registered Advanced Nurse Practitioners in Ireland. Journal of Nursing Management, 2024, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6681576
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Morgan, P., Barnes, H., Batchelder, H. R., Tuttle, B., Faraz Covelli, A., Everett, C., Jackson, G. L., Anglin, L., Ortiz Pate, N., Dieter, P., & Bludorn, J. (2023). Nurse practitioner and physician assistant transition to practice: A scoping review of fellowships and onboarding programs. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 35(12), 776–783. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000932
Craswell, A., Wallis, M., Coates, K., Marsden, E., Taylor, A., Broadbent, M., Nguyen, K.-H., Johnston-Devin, C., Glenwright, A., & Crilly, J. (2020). Enhanced primary care provided by a nurse practitioner candidate to aged care facility residents: A mixed methods study. Collegian, 27(3), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2019.08.009
Hawkins-Walsh, E., & Van Cleve, S. N. (2019). A Job Task Analysis of the Expanding Role of the Pediatric Mental Health Specialist and the Nurse Practitioner in Pediatric Mental Health. Journal of Pediatric Healthcare, 33(3), e9–e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.11.001
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